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@unpublished{kim:fls2023-we2a1,
author = {K.-J. Kim and R.R. Lindberg and J.-W. Park},
title = {{Modified Maxwell-Bloch Equations for X-ray Amplified Spontaneous Emission in X-ray Lasers}},
% booktitle = {Proc. FLS'23},
booktitle = {Proc. ICFA Adv. Beam Dyn. Workshop (FLS'23)},
eventdate = {2023-08-27/2023-09-01},
language = {english},
intype = {presented at the},
series = {ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop},
number = {67},
venue = {Luzern, Switzerland},
publisher = {JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland},
month = {01},
year = {2024},
note = {presented at FLS'23 in Luzern, Switzerland, unpublished},
abstract = {{Observations of stimulated emission in atomic media pumped by X-ray FELs have shown that X-ray lasers may be possible using the physical process referred to amplified spontaneous emission(ASE). The coherence and stability of an ASE-based X-ray laser can be improved in an X-ray laser oscillator (XLO)* by employing an X-ray cavity as in the X-ray FEL oscillator (XFELO). We present a Hamiltonian-based, 3D theory in paraxial approximation. Assuming factorization of operator products, the ensemble-averaged Heisenberg equations become Maxwell-Bloch equations which provide a correct description of the stimulated emission. The spontaneous emission is accounted for by adding a random noise term to the atomic coherence, which is uniquely determined from the fact that factorization does not apply for products of operators associated with the same atom. Our theory reproduces the results of the previous 1D theory ** and extends it in including the 3D diffraction effects, in including the seed field, and in incorporating the noise in more versatile way***. It provides a sound numerical framework to evaluate an X-ray laser, either in single pass or oscillator configurations.}},
}